氨分解制氢镍基催化剂研究进展

As a promising portable hydrogen production method, ammonia decomposition is clean and efficient, and easy for industrialization. Nickel is the best and most widely used non-precious metal catalysts for ammonia decomposition, but there are still unsolved problems such as low activity at low temperature and easy sintering. In this paper, the reaction mechanism, kinetics and thermodynamics of ammonia decomposition reaction are summarized, and the research status of nickel-based catalysts for ammonia decomposition at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed. It has been found that the adjustment of nickel particle size, the addition of second metals (Fe, Co, Mo, etc.), carriers (Al₂O₃, SiO₂, molecular sieves, etc.), and additives (alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, etc.) and designing the core-shell structure could be applied to control the dispersion and sintering resistance of nickel metal. Finally, the improvement measures and future development directions of nickel-based catalysts are proposed to provide a basis for the further design of low-temperature and high-activity nickel-based catalysts.