Spatially resolving unconventional interface Landau quantization in a graphene monolayer-bilayer planar junction

Hybrid quantum Hall (QH) junctions have been extensively studied by transport measurements due to their exciting physics and device applications. Here we report on spatially resolving electronic properties of such a junction on the nanoscale. We present a subnanometer-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy study of a monolayer-bilayer graphene planar junction in the QH regime. The atomically well-defined interface of such a junction allows us to spatially resolve the interface electronic properties. Around the interface, we detect Landau quantization of massless Dirac fermions as expected in the graphene monolayer for filled states of the junction, whereas unexpectedly, only Landau quantization of massive Dirac fermions as expected in the graphene bilayer is observed for empty states. The observed unconventional interface Landau quantization arises from the fact that the quantum conductance across the interface is solely determined by the minimum filling factors (number of edge modes) in the graphene monolayer and bilayer regions of the junction. Our finding opens the way to spatially explore the QH effect of different graphene hybrid structures only using a STM.