Highly stable perovskite solar cells with 0.30 voltage deficit enabled by a multi-functional asynchronous cross-linking

Qiong Liang, Kuan Liu*, Yu Han, Hao Xia, Zhiwei Ren, Dongyang Li, Tao Zhu, Lei Cheng, Zhenrong Wang, Cheng Zhu, Patrick W.K. Fong, Jiaming Huang, Qi Chen, Yang Yang*, Gang Li*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The primary challenge in commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) mainly stems from fragile and moisture-sensitive nature of halide perovskite materials. In this study, we propose an asynchronous cross-linking strategy. A multifunctional cross-linking initiator, divinyl sulfone (DVS), is firstly pre-embedded into perovskite precursor solutions. DVS, also as a special co-solvent, facilitates intermediate-dominated perovskite crystallization manipulation, favouring formamidine-DVS based solvate transition. Subsequently, DVS-embedded perovskite as-cast films are post-treated with a nucleophilic reagent, glycerinum, to trigger controllably three-dimensional co-polymerization. The resulting cross-linking scaffold provides enhanced water-resistance, releases residual tensile strain, and suppresses deep-level defects. We achieve a maximum efficiency over 25% (certified 24.6%) and a maximum VOC of 1.229 V, corresponding to mere 0.30 V deficit, reaching 97.5% of the theoretical limit, which is the highest reported in all perovskite systems. This strategy is generally applicable with enhanced efficiencies approaching 26%. All-around protection significantly improves PSC’s operational longevity and thermal endurance.

Original languageEnglish
Article number190
JournalNature Communications
Volume16
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2025

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Liang, Q., Liu, K., Han, Y., Xia, H., Ren, Z., Li, D., Zhu, T., Cheng, L., Wang, Z., Zhu, C., Fong, P. W. K., Huang, J., Chen, Q., Yang, Y., & Li, G. (2025). Highly stable perovskite solar cells with 0.30 voltage deficit enabled by a multi-functional asynchronous cross-linking. Nature Communications, 16(1), Article 190. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55414-4