Electric Field Control of Spin–Orbit Torque Magnetization Switching in a Spin–Orbit Ferromagnet Single Layer

To achieve a desirable magnitude of spin–orbit torque (SOT) for magnetization switching and realize multifunctional spin logic and memory devices utilizing SOT, controlling the SOT manipulation is vitally important. In conventional SOT bilayer systems, researchers have tried to control the magnetization switching behavior via interfacial oxidization, modulation of spin–orbit effective field, and effective spin Hall angle; however, the switching efficiency is limited by the interface quality. A current-induced effective magnetic field in a single layer of a ferromagnet with strong spin–orbit interactions, the so-called spin–orbit ferromagnet, can be utilized to induce SOT. In spin–orbit ferromagnet systems, electric field application has the potential for manipulating the spin–orbit interactions via carrier concentration modulation. In this work, it is demonstrated that SOT magnetization switching can be successfully controlled via an external electric field using a (Ga, Mn)As single layer. By applying a gate voltage, the switching current density can be solidly and reversibly manipulated with a large ratio of 14.5%, which is ascribed to the successful modulation of the interfacial electric field. The findings of this work help further the understanding of the magnetization switching mechanism and advance the development of gate-controlled SOT devices.