Digital watermarking based on real discrete Fourier transform

The development of the digital services creates new requirement for multimedia security and copyright protection techniques. As an important scheme for solving these problems, digital watermarking research has been developed rapidly in recent years. The real discrete Fourier transform is a real transform introduced by Ersoy. The fast algorithm for the real discrete Fourier transform is similar to that of FFT. A novel image watermarking algorithm based on real discrete Fourier transform was proposed. A Gaussian watermark sequence was embedded in the middle transformation coefficients of the image. The algorithm with a high capacity is efficient and low complex in the implementation. Experimental results prove the invisibility of the watermark and the robustness of the method against most image processing operations to be better than those of watermarking based on DFT.