Charge-tuneable biexciton complexes in monolayer WSe₂

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have strong Coulomb-mediated many-body interactions. Theoretical studies have predicted the existence of numerous multi-particle excitonic states. Two-particle excitons and three-particle trions have been identified by their optical signatures. However, more complex states such as biexcitons have been elusive due to limited spectral quality of the optical emission. Here, we report direct evidence of two biexciton complexes in monolayer tungsten diselenide: the four-particle neutral biexciton and the five-particle negatively charged biexciton. We distinguish these states by power-dependent photoluminescence and demonstrate full electrical switching between them. We determine the band states of the elementary particles comprising the biexcitons through magneto-optical spectroscopy. We also resolve a splitting of 2.5 meV for the neutral biexciton, which we attribute to the fine structure, providing reference for subsequent studies. Our results unveil the nature of multi-exciton complexes in transitionmetal dichalcogenides and offer direct routes towards deterministic control in many-body quantum phenomena.