Assessing and prioritizing biogas energy barriers: A sustainable roadmap for energy security

Pakistan is trying to alleviate energy poverty by tapping into the full potential of biogas. However, the production of biogas is hampered by a variety of barriers. Although many researchers have pointed out these barriers, their impact on Pakistan's biogas market remains unclear. This study prioritizes possible barriers and identifies the most practical solutions for energy security in the nation in an effort to bridge this knowledge gap. We find 25 sub-barriers and classify them into five major categories using a literature study and a modified Delphi approach. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to assign a priority ranking based on weight allocation to barriers. The most influential alternatives to these barriers have been prioritized using the Grey Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (G-TOPSIS). According to study findings, among the major categories, “monetary barrier” is the most significant barrier. The top sub-barrier is “high initial price.” “Suitable monetary rewards” and “improved specialized technology” have been proposed as the most viable alternative. Finally, study findings suggest essential and useful policy recommendations to speed up the current progress of biogas energy through coherent and consistent efforts.