酶催化固碳过程及其强化技术研究进展

The rapid expansion of the global industrial production has led to a sharp increase in the emission of the greenhouse gas CO₂, triggering widespread concern about global climate change. While developing clean energy sources and industrial process reengineering to reduce carbon emissions, there is an urgent need to develop highly efficient and economical carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress on the extracellular enzyme-catalyzed carbon sequestration and its enhancement technologies bases on the purpose of CO₂ resource utilization. Firstly, it introduces the key biocatalytic enzymes involved in the CO₂ conversion process and their optimization. It elaborates on the specific strategies for CO₂ resource utilization, encompassing the catalytic transformation of CO₂ into specific product molecules such as formic acid, methanol, methane, starch, L-lactide and pyruvic acid. The article further focused on the enhancement of the CO₂ enzyme catalysis reaction processes through in-situ regeneration of cofactors, enzyme immobilization, optimization of reaction system design, optimization of reaction condition such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and in situ product separation. These measures aim to achieve efficient sequestration and resource utilization of CO₂.The intention is to provide valuable insights and considerations for the design of enzyme catalysis processes and routes, encompassing the preparation of immobilized enzyme catalysts, reactor selection and design, regulation of enzyme catalysis processes, and targetes synthesis of high-value products through a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach. Finally, the problems and challenges existing in the enzyme-catalyzed carbon sequestration processes are summarized, and the future research directions are prospected.