Strong quantum nonlocality in multipartite quantum systems

Recently, based on some quantum states which are locally irreducible in all bipartitions, strong quantum nonlocality has been presented by Halder et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 040403 (2019)10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.040403]. However, the remaining questions are whether a set of quantum states can reveal strong quantum nonlocality when these states are locally irreducible in all tripartitions or more multipartitions and how to construct strong nonlocality of orthogonal product states in more than tripartite quantum systems. Here we present a general definition of strong quantum nonlocality based on the local irreducibility. Then, using a 3- 3- 3 quantum system as an example, we show three sets of locally indistinguishable orthogonal product states to explain the general definition of strong quantum nonlocality. Furthermore, in 3- 3- 3- 3, we construct a set of strong nonlocality of orthogonal product states; these states do not form a complete basis. Our results demonstrate the phenomenon of strong nonlocality without entanglement for the multipartite quantum systems.