Preparation, characterization, thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of new high-nitrogen energetic salts based on 3-amino-5-hydrazinopyrazole

Three novel energetic salts (2, 3, and 4) based on 3-amino-5-hydrazinopyrazole were synthesized and were fully characterized. The corresponding thermal and kinetic behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) for the first time. Accurate kinetic models based on the analysis were selected to describe the decomposition by applying an isoconversional methods and nonlinear regressions to data of DSC and the most probable mechanism function of decomposition for salts 2–4 were obtained. Their physicochemical properties, such as densities, heat of formation, detonation performances and mechanical sensitivities acquired from experimental measurements or theoretical calculations were investigated. The results show that the strong hydrogen bond interactions make energetic salts have high densities and good detonation properties while maintaining reasonable mechanical sensitivities. The energetic salts 2–4 show superior detonation performance than TNT or exhibit comparable detonation parameters with RDX while having more insensitive mechanical sensitivities and higher nitrogen contents. These properties provide them as promising energetic materials.