@inproceedings{4335bab723ad4909832ec870406c46a8,
title = "Optical sampling using a PPLN waveguide for optical performance monitoring",
abstract = "Many experiments of optical sampling based on the second-order optical nonlinear interactions in periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) quasi-phase-matched (QPM) waveguides have already been demonstrated during the last few years. There are several processes in PPLN that may be used for sampling optical signals, including sum-frequency generation (SFG), difference-frequency generation (DFG), cascaded second harmonic generation and difference-frequency generation (cSHG/DFG), and cascaded sum-frequency generation and difference-frequency generation (cSFG/DFG). The comparisons are carried out, which are necessary for designing the optical sampling system that satisfies the requirements of optical performance monitoring (OPM) of the optical networks. The SFG and cSFG/DFG based conversions are much more suitable for constructing OPM systems. The SFG of either two pulsed waves or one pulsed wave and one continuous wave is the basic nonlinear process for sampling optical signals using PPLN waveguide. Theoretical analyses based on coupled-wave equations are carried out for the pulsed-SFG process.",
keywords = "OPM, Optical sampling, PPLN, SFG",
author = "Liu, {Mao Tong} and Yang, {Ai Ying} and Sun, {Yu Nan}",
year = "2008",
doi = "10.1117/12.757622",
language = "English",
isbn = "9780819470126",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
booktitle = "Information Optics and Photonics Technologies II",
note = "Information Optics and Photonics Technologies II ; Conference date: 12-11-2007 Through 13-11-2007",
}