Extension of flammability and stability limits of swirling premixed flames by AC powered gliding arc discharges

This work seeks to achieve stable combustion of swirling premixed flows using gliding arc discharges and understand how plasma alters flame dynamics near blow-off. Gliding arc discharges powered by 7 kHz and 25 kHz alternating current (AC) supplies are demonstrated to significantly extend the flammability and stability limits of swirling premixed flames either confined or unconfined within a quartz tube, with time-averaged discharge power close to 1% of the power typically released by a stable flame. Side visualization of OH profiles using the planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique illustrates the unsteady evolution of flames approaching lean blow-off, confirming the positive effect of gliding arcs on the ultra-lean residual flames. Contrary to the unconfined flame anchored near the nozzle exit or the bluff body, the confined flame detached from the wall progressively presents different unstable morphologies, e.g., oscillating flames and lifted helicon flames. The activation of gliding arcs provides the additional anchoring mechanism for the lean swirling flame and particularly suppresses the natural flame oscillation with heat-release rate fluctuations of above 30%. The mechanism controlling flame responses to gliding arc includes a nonlocal effect through the externally applied AC electric field displacing flame and a local effect of spark discharge triggering flame kernels by producing heat and active species. The external sub-breakdown electric field can enlarge the spreading angle of OH-PLIF layers in the unconfined flame, but demonstrates few positive effects on the blow-off limit. Regarding the local effects within or near the arc column, top infrared imaging provides visible evidence for flame kernels initiated upstream of the inner recirculation zone, yielding repetitive ignition in the fresh reactants.