Error analysis and optimization for a full-Stokes division-of-space polarimeter

A generalized four-channel, full-Stokes division-of-space (DoSP) error propagation model and its version with a reference optical path are presented in this paper, covering all potential error sources such as the main detector noise, intensity fluctuations, and instrument matrix error. Based on the model, a classical division-of-amplitude polarimeter (DoAmP) structure consisting of a partially polarized beam splitter (PPBS), PBS, and wave plates is thoroughly evaluated. By optimizing the PPBS and azimuth of the wave plates, several optimal parameter configurations are identified where the condition number is 1.84, and the maximum wavelength deviation range is limited to (-3.4 nm, 3.62 nm), where the degree of polarization and polarized angle errors do not exceed 0.03 and 0.3°, respectively, and the instrument matrix deterioration effect is minimal enough to be disregarded. In addition to theDoAmP structure, this error propagation model can be directly extended to other arbitrary four-channelDoSP structures such as division-of-focal-plane and division-of-aperture systems, which have guidance values for system structural design, error optimization, and discovering multi-wavelength compatibility of the instrument.