Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning

Li Zhang; Xin Li; Mingzhong Wang; Andong Tian

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86520-7_38

Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning

Li Zhang, Xin Li^*, Mingzhong Wang, Andong Tian

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Computer Science and Technology

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this paper, we proposed an Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning (OPDLRL) framework to inherit the benefits of interpretability and generalization ability in Differentiable Inductive Logic Programming (DILP) and also resolves its weakness of execution efficiency, stability, and scalability. The key contributions include the use of approximate inference to significantly reduce the number of logic rules in the deduction process, an off-policy training method to enable approximate inference, and a distributed and hierarchical training framework. Extensive experiments, specifically playing real-time video games in Rabbids against human players, show that OPDLRL has better or similar performance as other DILP-based methods but far more practical in terms of sample efficiency and execution efficiency, making it applicable to complex and (near) real-time domains.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Research Track - European Conference, ECML PKDD 2021, Proceedings
Editors	Nuria Oliver, Fernando Pérez-Cruz, Stefan Kramer, Jesse Read, Jose A. Lozano
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	617-632
Number of pages	16
ISBN (Print)	9783030865191
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86520-7_38
Publication status	Published - 2021
Event	European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2021 - Virtual, Online Duration: 13 Sept 2021 → 17 Sept 2021

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume	12976 LNAI
ISSN (Print)	0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)	1611-3349

Conference

Conference	European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2021
City	Virtual, Online
Period	13/09/21 → 17/09/21

Keywords

Deep reinforcement learning
Interpretable reinforcement learning
Neural-Symbolic AI

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-86520-7_38

Cite this

Zhang, L., Li, X., Wang, M., & Tian, A. (2021). Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning. In N. Oliver, F. Pérez-Cruz, S. Kramer, J. Read, & J. A. Lozano (Eds.), Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Research Track - European Conference, ECML PKDD 2021, Proceedings (pp. 617-632). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 12976 LNAI). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86520-7_38

Zhang, Li ; Li, Xin ; Wang, Mingzhong et al. / Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning. Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Research Track - European Conference, ECML PKDD 2021, Proceedings. editor / Nuria Oliver ; Fernando Pérez-Cruz ; Stefan Kramer ; Jesse Read ; Jose A. Lozano. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021. pp. 617-632 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)).

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abstract = "In this paper, we proposed an Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning (OPDLRL) framework to inherit the benefits of interpretability and generalization ability in Differentiable Inductive Logic Programming (DILP) and also resolves its weakness of execution efficiency, stability, and scalability. The key contributions include the use of approximate inference to significantly reduce the number of logic rules in the deduction process, an off-policy training method to enable approximate inference, and a distributed and hierarchical training framework. Extensive experiments, specifically playing real-time video games in Rabbids against human players, show that OPDLRL has better or similar performance as other DILP-based methods but far more practical in terms of sample efficiency and execution efficiency, making it applicable to complex and (near) real-time domains.",

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author = "Li Zhang and Xin Li and Mingzhong Wang and Andong Tian",

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Zhang, L, Li, X, Wang, M & Tian, A 2021, Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning. in N Oliver, F Pérez-Cruz, S Kramer, J Read & JA Lozano (eds), Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Research Track - European Conference, ECML PKDD 2021, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 12976 LNAI, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 617-632, European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2021, Virtual, Online, 13/09/21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86520-7_38

Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning. / Zhang, Li; Li, Xin; Wang, Mingzhong et al.
Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Research Track - European Conference, ECML PKDD 2021, Proceedings. ed. / Nuria Oliver; Fernando Pérez-Cruz; Stefan Kramer; Jesse Read; Jose A. Lozano. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021. p. 617-632 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 12976 LNAI).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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T1 - Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning

AU - Zhang, Li

AU - Li, Xin

AU - Wang, Mingzhong

AU - Tian, Andong

PY - 2021

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N2 - In this paper, we proposed an Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning (OPDLRL) framework to inherit the benefits of interpretability and generalization ability in Differentiable Inductive Logic Programming (DILP) and also resolves its weakness of execution efficiency, stability, and scalability. The key contributions include the use of approximate inference to significantly reduce the number of logic rules in the deduction process, an off-policy training method to enable approximate inference, and a distributed and hierarchical training framework. Extensive experiments, specifically playing real-time video games in Rabbids against human players, show that OPDLRL has better or similar performance as other DILP-based methods but far more practical in terms of sample efficiency and execution efficiency, making it applicable to complex and (near) real-time domains.

AB - In this paper, we proposed an Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning (OPDLRL) framework to inherit the benefits of interpretability and generalization ability in Differentiable Inductive Logic Programming (DILP) and also resolves its weakness of execution efficiency, stability, and scalability. The key contributions include the use of approximate inference to significantly reduce the number of logic rules in the deduction process, an off-policy training method to enable approximate inference, and a distributed and hierarchical training framework. Extensive experiments, specifically playing real-time video games in Rabbids against human players, show that OPDLRL has better or similar performance as other DILP-based methods but far more practical in terms of sample efficiency and execution efficiency, making it applicable to complex and (near) real-time domains.

KW - Deep reinforcement learning

KW - Interpretable reinforcement learning

KW - Neural-Symbolic AI

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SN - 9783030865191

T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

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A2 - Read, Jesse

A2 - Lozano, Jose A.

PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

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Y2 - 13 September 2021 through 17 September 2021

ER -

Zhang L, Li X, Wang M, Tian A. Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning. In Oliver N, Pérez-Cruz F, Kramer S, Read J, Lozano JA, editors, Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Research Track - European Conference, ECML PKDD 2021, Proceedings. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2021. p. 617-632. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)). doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-86520-7_38

Off-Policy Differentiable Logic Reinforcement Learning

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