Abstract
Erythromycin was long viewed as a bacteriostatic agent. The erythromycin derivatives, 9-oxime ketolides have a species-specific bactericidal profile. Among them, the 3′-allyl version of the 9-oxime ketolide 1 (Ar = 3-quinolyl; 17a) is bactericidal against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. In contrast, the 2-fluoro analogs of 1, 13a (Ar = 6-quinolyl), 13b (Ar = 3-quinolyl) and 24a (Ar = 4-isoquinolyl), show bactericidal activities against S. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis, while the 2-fluoro analogs 13c (Ar = 3-aminopyridyl) and 24b (Ar = 3-carbamoylpyridyl) are only bactericidal against S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Reduction of the ketolides led to novel epiacylides, the 3-O-epimers of the acylides. Alteration of linker length (30b vs. 30a), 2-fluorination (33 vs. 30a) and incorporation of additional spacers at the 9-oxime or 6-OH (35, 40 vs. 30a) did not restore the epiacylides back to be as active as the acylide 31. Molecular docking suggested that epimerization at the 3-position reshapes the orientation of the 3-O-sidechain and leads to considerably weaker binding with bacterial ribosomes.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1513-1524 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters |
Volume | 27 |
Issue number | 7 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2017 |
Keywords
- Acylide
- Bactericidal activity
- Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia
- Epimer
- Erythromycin
- Ketolide