Comprehensive Modeling and Safety Protection Strategy for Thermal Runway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules under Multi-Factor Influences

This paper addresses the challenge of thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion battery modules and presents a safety protection design method based on a thermal propagation model. Firstly, it systematically analyzes the triggering mechanisms of thermal runaway in batteries, establishes a model for cell thermal runaway, and calibrates the model parameters through experiments. Secondly, by integrating the cell thermal runaway model and considering the three-dimensional structure of the battery module, a comprehensive thermal runaway propagation model is developed and validated. Subsequently, a simulation study on thermal runaway propagation, incorporating multi-factor influences and typical operating conditions, is conducted using the established thermal propagation model for the battery module. The study elucidates the thermal runaway propagation characteristics of the battery module under different safety protection strategies. The findings highlight that the proposed safety protection strategy effectively mitigates thermal propagation within the battery module, particularly when the thermal runaway is influenced by multiple factors.