A Review of the Application of Carbon Materials for Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium secondary batteries have been the most successful energy storage devices for nearly 30 years. Until now, graphite was the most mainstream anode material for lithium secondary batteries. However, the lithium storage mechanism of the graphite anode limits the further improvement of the specific capacity. The lithium metal anode, with the lowest electrochemical potential and extremely high specific capacity, is considered to be the optimal anode material for next-generation lithium batteries. However, the lifetime degradation and safety problems caused by dendrite growth have seriously hindered its commercialization. Carbon materials have good electrical conductivity and modifiability, and various carbon materials were designed and prepared for use in lithium metal batteries. Here, we will start by analyzing the problems and challenges faced by lithium metal. Then, the application progress and achievements of various carbon materials in lithium metal batteries are summarized. Finally, the research suggestions are given, and the application feasibility of carbon materials in metal lithium batteries is discussed.