Wideband and wide-angle reflective metasurface for efficient linear and circular polarization conversion in X, Ku, and K bands

A single-layer wideband and wide-angle reflective metasurface exhibiting linear to cross-polarization conversion (CPC) and linear-to-circular polarization (LP-to-CP) conversion in the X, Ku, and K bands is presented in this research. The devised metasurface serves as a multifunctional platform, achieving CPC over a substantial fractional bandwidth of 64.34% (9.75-19 GHz) with remarkable efficiency exceeding 90% within the 9.75-16 GHz range, reaching a remarkable 100% at resonant frequencies of 11 GHz and 14.6 GHz. Additionally, linear-to-circular polarization conversion is achieved over a significant bandwidth of 9.54 GHz. Notably, the carefully optimized unit cell structure ensures robust polarization transformation, maintaining stability against variations in the incidence angle of up to 45° for both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations. The proposed metasurface, characterized by its simplicity, compactness, angular stability, and multifunctionality, demonstrates the considerable potential for various microwave communications, antenna design, radar invisibility, and remote sensing device applications.