Turbulence and cavitation models for time-dependent turbulent cavitating flows

Cavitation typically occurs when the fluid pressure is lower than the vapor pressure at a local thermodynamic state, and the flow is frequently unsteady and turbulent. To assess the state-of-the-art of computational capabilities for unsteady cavitating flows, different cavitation and turbulence model combinations are conducted. The selected cavitation models include several widely-used models including one based on phenomenological argument and the other utilizing interface dynamics. The k-ε turbulence model with additional implementation of the filter function and density correction function are considered to reduce the eddy viscosity according to the computed turbulence length scale and local fluid density respectively. We have also blended these alternative cavitation and turbulence treatments, to illustrate that the eddy viscosity near the closure region can significantly influence the capture of detached cavity. From the experimental validations regarding the force analysis, frequency, and the cavity visualization, no single model combination performs best in all aspects. Furthermore, the implications of parameters contained in different cavitation models are investigated. The phase change process is more pronounced around the detached cavity, which is better illus-trated by the interfacial dynamics model. Our study provides insight to aid further modeling development.