Time–frequency co-movement between COVID-19, crude oil prices, and atmospheric CO₂ emissions: Fresh global insights from partial and multiple coherence approach

This paper endeavors to analyze and provide fresh global insights from the asymmetric nexus between the recent outbreak of COVID-19, crude oil prices, and atmospheric CO₂ emissions. The analysis employs a unique Morlet’s wavelet method. More precisely, this paper implements comprehensive wavelet coherence analysis tools, including continuous wavelet coherence, partial wavelet coherence, and multiple wavelet coherence to the daily dataset spanning from December 31, 2019 to May 31, 2020. From the frequency perspective, this paper finds significant wavelet coherence and vigorous lead and lag connections. This analysis ascertains significant movement in variables over frequency and time domain. These results demonstrate strong but varying connotations between studied variables. The results also indicate that COVID-19 impacts crude oil prices and the most contributor to the reduction in CO₂ emissions during the pandemic period. This study offers practical and policy implications and endorsements for individuals, environmental experts, and investors. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]