TY - JOUR
T1 - The Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
T2 - a Review of Current Processes and Technologies
AU - Li, Li
AU - Zhang, Xiaoxiao
AU - Li, Matthew
AU - Chen, Renjie
AU - Wu, Feng
AU - Amine, Khalil
AU - Lu, Jun
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Shanghai University and Periodicals Agency of Shanghai University.
PY - 2018/12
Y1 - 2018/12
N2 - Abstract: The application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in consumer electronics and electric vehicles has been growing rapidly in recent years. This increased demand has greatly stimulated lithium-ion battery production, which subsequently has led to greatly increased quantities of spent LIBs. Because of this, considerable efforts are underway to minimize environmental pollution and reuse battery components. This article will review the current status of the main recycling processes for spent LIBs, including laboratory- and industrial-scale recycling processes. In addition, a brief review of the design and reaction mechanisms of LIBs will be provided, and typical physical, chemical, and bioleaching recycling processes will be discussed. The significance of recycling will also be emphasized in terms of economic benefits and environmental protection. Furthermore, due to the unprecedented development of electric vehicles, large quantities of retired power batteries are predicated to appear in the near future. And because of this, secondary uses of these retired power batteries will be discussed from an economic, technical, and environmental perspective. Finally, potential problems and challenges of current recycling processes and prospects of key recycling technologies will be addressed. Graphical Abstract: Distribution of typical LIBs recycling companies around the world. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AB - Abstract: The application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in consumer electronics and electric vehicles has been growing rapidly in recent years. This increased demand has greatly stimulated lithium-ion battery production, which subsequently has led to greatly increased quantities of spent LIBs. Because of this, considerable efforts are underway to minimize environmental pollution and reuse battery components. This article will review the current status of the main recycling processes for spent LIBs, including laboratory- and industrial-scale recycling processes. In addition, a brief review of the design and reaction mechanisms of LIBs will be provided, and typical physical, chemical, and bioleaching recycling processes will be discussed. The significance of recycling will also be emphasized in terms of economic benefits and environmental protection. Furthermore, due to the unprecedented development of electric vehicles, large quantities of retired power batteries are predicated to appear in the near future. And because of this, secondary uses of these retired power batteries will be discussed from an economic, technical, and environmental perspective. Finally, potential problems and challenges of current recycling processes and prospects of key recycling technologies will be addressed. Graphical Abstract: Distribution of typical LIBs recycling companies around the world. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
KW - Leaching
KW - Recycling
KW - Secondary use
KW - Spent lithium-ion batteries
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060241095&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s41918-018-0012-1
DO - 10.1007/s41918-018-0012-1
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85060241095
SN - 2520-8489
VL - 1
SP - 461
EP - 482
JO - Electrochemical Energy Reviews
JF - Electrochemical Energy Reviews
IS - 4
ER -