The number of circumferential fragments of a cylindrical shell subjected to internal explosive loading

Based on the Gurney velocity formula for cylindrical shells with finite length, the average strain rate was estimated by the average radius of the shell. And by taking into account the differences between the shear fracture surface length of the shell and the radial thickness, the Grady-Kipp method was modified to give a full expression for the number of the circumferential fragments of the cylindrical shell. The number of the circumferential fragments number calculated by the modified Grady-Kipp method can better match with the experimental result than one by the Grady theory. The 20^# low-carbon steel was taken as an example to numerically simulate the expansion and fracture of low-carbon steel shells under TNT explosion loading. The numbers of the circumferential fragments of the low-carbon steel shells by numerical simulation are in agreement with the experimental one.