TY - JOUR
T1 - The nexus between road transport intensity and road-related CO2 emissions in G20 countries
T2 - an advanced panel estimation
AU - Habib, Yasir
AU - Xia, Enjun
AU - Hashmi, Shujahat Haider
AU - Ahmed, Zahoor
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - This study determines the dynamic linkages between road transport intensity, road transport passenger and road transport freight, and road carbon emissions in G20 countries in the presence of economic growth, urbanization, crude oil price, and trade openness for the period of 1990 to 2016, under the multivariate framework. This study employs the residual-based Kao and Westerlund cointegration technique to find long-run cointegration, and continuously updated bias-corrected (CUP-BC) and continuously updated fully modified (CUP-FM) methods to check the long-run elasticities between the variables. The long-run estimators’ findings suggest a positive and significant impact of road transport intensity, road passenger transport, road freight transport on road transport CO2 emissions. Economic growth and urbanization are significant contributing factors in road transport CO2 emissions, while trade openness and crude oil price significantly reduce road transport CO2 emissions. The Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test results disclose unidirectional causality from road transport intensity and road transport freight to the road transport CO2 emissions. However, the causality between road passenger transport and road transport CO2 emissions is bidirectional. Finally, comprehensive policy options like subsidizing environmental-friendly technologies, developing green transport infrastructure, and enacting decarbonizing regulations are suggested to address the G20 countries’ environmental challenges.
AB - This study determines the dynamic linkages between road transport intensity, road transport passenger and road transport freight, and road carbon emissions in G20 countries in the presence of economic growth, urbanization, crude oil price, and trade openness for the period of 1990 to 2016, under the multivariate framework. This study employs the residual-based Kao and Westerlund cointegration technique to find long-run cointegration, and continuously updated bias-corrected (CUP-BC) and continuously updated fully modified (CUP-FM) methods to check the long-run elasticities between the variables. The long-run estimators’ findings suggest a positive and significant impact of road transport intensity, road passenger transport, road freight transport on road transport CO2 emissions. Economic growth and urbanization are significant contributing factors in road transport CO2 emissions, while trade openness and crude oil price significantly reduce road transport CO2 emissions. The Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test results disclose unidirectional causality from road transport intensity and road transport freight to the road transport CO2 emissions. However, the causality between road passenger transport and road transport CO2 emissions is bidirectional. Finally, comprehensive policy options like subsidizing environmental-friendly technologies, developing green transport infrastructure, and enacting decarbonizing regulations are suggested to address the G20 countries’ environmental challenges.
KW - CUP-FM & CUP-BC;
KW - G20
KW - Road freight transport;
KW - Road passenger transport;
KW - Road transport CO emissions;
KW - Road transport intensity;
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107784222&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-021-14731-7
DO - 10.1007/s11356-021-14731-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 34117544
AN - SCOPUS:85107784222
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 28
SP - 58405
EP - 58425
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 41
ER -
