Ternary oxide nanostructured materials for supercapacitors: A review

Materials engineering plays a key role in the field of electrochemical energy storage, and considerable efforts have been made in recent years to fulfil the future requirements of electrochemical energy storage using novel functional electrode materials. Among the transition metal oxides, ternary metal oxides possess multiple oxidation states that enable multiple redox reactions. They have been reported to exhibit a higher supercapacitive performance than single component metal oxides, and seem to be a group of the most promising and low cost materials for pseudo-capacitors. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the research progress of developing ternary oxide nanostructures for supercapacitors, with the focus on the synthesis of one-dimensional (1-D), two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) nanostructures and their potential applications in energy storage devices. The remaining challenges toward the rational design of ternary oxide nanostructured electrodes for next-generation supercapacitors are also proposed.