Synthesis of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane as a new generation of green solvent

1,1,2,2,3,3,4-Heptafluorocyclopentane is a new generation of green solvent. It was synthesized by the liquid-phase fluorination reactions from hexachlorocyclopentadiene to 1-chloroheptafluoro-cyclopentene in the presence of KF in DMF and by the vapor-phase hydrogenation reaction from 1-chloroheptafluorocyclopentene to 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane in the presence of Pd-based hydrogenation catalyst. Quantum chemical calculations for the isomers energies using Gaussian09 were conducted to verify the chemical equilibriums between isomers of trichloropentafluorocyclopentene or dichlorohexafluorocyclopentene in the fluorination reactions. Possible mechanisms for 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane synthesis were proposed.