Synthesis and thermochromic property studies on W doped VO₂ films fabricated by sol-gel method

Tungsten-doped VO₂ thin films have been synthesized by a modified sol-gel process and followed by a post annealing. Vanadium pentoxide and tungstic acid as raw materials with the addition of hydrogen peroxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid (catalyst) and oxalic acid used as reducing agent were reacted in isobutanol. Finally, the uniform sol of vanadyl oxalate in isobutanol solvent was obtained as precursor. Detailed study suggested that W doped in VO₂ introduces additional electron carriers and induces the formation of V³⁺. Post annealing under vacuum promotes the releasing of chemical stress and generates oxygen vacancies in the samples. Temperature dependent transmittance study revealed that the releasing of chemical stress and deliberately introducing oxygen vacancies in W-doped VO₂ films have positive effects on enhancing its switching ability in the infrared transmittance as the metal-insulator transition (MIT) occurs. The largest switching of transmittance was obtained about 48% in the infrared range at 43 °C in 1.5%W doped VO₂ films, which is significantly larger than the reported ones. The findings in this work open a new way to synthesize the novel and thermochromic W doped VO₂ films with facility and low cost. Therefore, it has extensive application to construct smart windows and electronic devices.