Synthesis and characterization of promising insensitive energetic salts based on 3-amino-5-hydrazinopyrazole

The development of green energetic materials is based on environmental friendliness, safety and performance improvement. It is of great significance to design and synthesize new nitrogen rich salts for a new generation of green energetic materials. In the present work, a series of 3-amino-5-hydrazinopyrazole energetic salts comprising energetic anions were synthesized and were characterized using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compounds1-5were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and the sensitivities were measured by the standard BAM methods. Additionally, the structure-property relationship was elucidated from the experimental results and theoretical calculations. Energetic salts of2and5exhibited high heat of formation (5, 1160.06 kJ mol⁻¹), high decomposition temperature (2, 172 °C;5, 186 °C), excellent detonation performance (2,D_v, 9076 m s⁻¹,P34.1 GPa;5,D_v, 8974 m s⁻¹,P31.9 GPa), moderate sensitivity towards outer stimuli and high nitrogen contents (2, 41.03%;5, 63.84%). This work increases future prospects for the design of insensitive and novel high-energy green energetic material.