Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography technique and its applications in secondary batteries

Electrode materials undergo complex structural variations during the operation of secondary batteries. Three-dimensional characterization of these changes offers researchers a more in-depth and comprehensive insight into the dynamically evolving complex interactions compared to the conventional two-dimensional characterization. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography technology, which is capable of non-destructively conducting multi-scale and 3D imaging of battery components in both static and operational states, has emerged as an indispensable tool for enhancing further understanding of secondary battery research in recent years. Here, in this chapter, the integration of synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography technology and pertinent knowledge within the context of secondary battery research is undertaken, which is aimed at advancing the application of synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography technology in future secondary battery research. This chapter initiates by elucidating the essential principles and experimental apparatus of synchrotron X-ray tomography technology, followed by exploring its applications in both positive and negative electrode materials of secondary batteries. Last, typical application software and cases of data processing are presented and introduced. We anticipate that this chapter will enhance the readers' understanding of synchrotron X-ray tomography technology, and provide novel insights to inspire its application in secondary battery investigations.