TY - JOUR
T1 - Robust Fetal Heart Beat Detection via R-Peak Intervals Distribution
AU - Lin, Chen
AU - Yeh, Hui Ming
AU - Lo, Men Tzung
AU - Yeh, Chien Hung
AU - Wang, Cheng Yen
AU - Shi, Wenbin
AU - Serafico, Bess Ma F.
AU - Wang, Chen Hsu
AU - Juan, Chung Hau
AU - Vincent Young, Hsu Wen
AU - Lin, Yenn Jiang
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 1964-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2019/12
Y1 - 2019/12
N2 - Monitoring fetal heart rate during pregnancy is essential to assist clinicians in making more timely decisions. Non-invasive monitoring of fetal heart activities using abdominal ECGs is useful for diagnosis of heart defects. However, the extracted fetal ECGs are usually too weak to be robustly detected. Thus, it is a necessity to enhance fetal R-peak since their peaks may be hidden within the signal due to the immaturity of the fetal cardiovascular system. Therefore, to improve the detection of the fetal heartbeat, a novel fetal R-peak enhancement technique was proposed to statistically generate the weighting mask according to the distribution of the neighboring temporal intervals between each pair of peaks. Two sets of simulations were designed to validate the reliability of the method: challenges with different levels of (1) noise contamination and (2) R-peak interval changing rate. The simulation results showed that the weighting mask improved the accuracy of the R-peak detection rate by 25% and decreased the false alarm rate by 20% with white noise contamination, and ensured high R-peak detection rate (>80%), especially with mild noise contamination (noise amplitude ratio <1.5 and noise rate per minute <25%). For the simulations with continuous R-peak intervals changing, the masking process can still effectively eliminate noise contamination especially when the amplitude of the sinusoidal fetal R-R intervals is lower than 50 ms. For the real fetus ECGs, the detection rate was increased by 3.498%, whereas the false alarm rate was decreased by 3.933%. Next, we implemented the fetal R-peak enhancement technique to investigate fractal regulation and multiscale entropy of the real fetal heartbeat intervals. Both scaling exponent (∼0.6 to ∼1 in scale 4-15) and entropy measure (scale 6-10) increased with gestational ages (22-40 weeks). The results confirmed fractal slope and complexity of fetal heartbeat intervals can reflect the maturation of fetus organism.
AB - Monitoring fetal heart rate during pregnancy is essential to assist clinicians in making more timely decisions. Non-invasive monitoring of fetal heart activities using abdominal ECGs is useful for diagnosis of heart defects. However, the extracted fetal ECGs are usually too weak to be robustly detected. Thus, it is a necessity to enhance fetal R-peak since their peaks may be hidden within the signal due to the immaturity of the fetal cardiovascular system. Therefore, to improve the detection of the fetal heartbeat, a novel fetal R-peak enhancement technique was proposed to statistically generate the weighting mask according to the distribution of the neighboring temporal intervals between each pair of peaks. Two sets of simulations were designed to validate the reliability of the method: challenges with different levels of (1) noise contamination and (2) R-peak interval changing rate. The simulation results showed that the weighting mask improved the accuracy of the R-peak detection rate by 25% and decreased the false alarm rate by 20% with white noise contamination, and ensured high R-peak detection rate (>80%), especially with mild noise contamination (noise amplitude ratio <1.5 and noise rate per minute <25%). For the simulations with continuous R-peak intervals changing, the masking process can still effectively eliminate noise contamination especially when the amplitude of the sinusoidal fetal R-R intervals is lower than 50 ms. For the real fetus ECGs, the detection rate was increased by 3.498%, whereas the false alarm rate was decreased by 3.933%. Next, we implemented the fetal R-peak enhancement technique to investigate fractal regulation and multiscale entropy of the real fetal heartbeat intervals. Both scaling exponent (∼0.6 to ∼1 in scale 4-15) and entropy measure (scale 6-10) increased with gestational ages (22-40 weeks). The results confirmed fractal slope and complexity of fetal heartbeat intervals can reflect the maturation of fetus organism.
KW - Fetal electrocardiogram
KW - fetal R-peak detection
KW - fetal heart rate
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075326338&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TBME.2019.2904014
DO - 10.1109/TBME.2019.2904014
M3 - Article
C2 - 30869605
AN - SCOPUS:85075326338
SN - 0018-9294
VL - 66
SP - 3310
EP - 3319
JO - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
IS - 12
M1 - 8664129
ER -