Performance optimization design of direct injection turbocharged hydrogen internal combustion engine

The best energy source for the twenty-first century has been praised as hydrogen energy. The hydrogen internal combustion engine (H₂ICE) has captured the interest of several researchers as the primary use of hydrogen energy. The performance computation model of the direct-injection (DI) turbocharged H₂ICE was developed using a mix of one-dimensional (1D) performance modeling tools and the H₂ICE bench test. The testing results were used to verify and examine the model. The performance ceiling was established after taking backfire and knock into account for H₂ICE. The performance boundary was investigated through simulated supercharging, and the optimized turbocharger was selected. Then, in order to achieve the best overall performance of the H₂ICE, optimization of the valve phase, hydrogen injection duration angle, compression ratio, and turbocharging matching were performed. Finally, a peak power of 133 kW @ 4500 rpm and a maximum torque of 339 N·m @ 2000 rpm could be reached, and the highest effective thermal efficiency 43.06% was achieved. The performance development tests of various kinds of H₂ICEs could be guided by the design methodology.