One-Pot Synthesis of Innovative Multicomponent Complexes as Catalysts for Enhanced Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

The creation of multi-component energetic complex molecules, with functionalized groups, combined with synergistic catalysis among catalytic interactions between their components, offers a remarkable opportunity to boost the energy release of ammonium perchlorate (AP). This study uses a one-pot method to investigate a synthesis approach for coordinating anion complexes.Furthermore, the potential applications of this series of complexes as combustion catalysts are analyzed. The results show that mixing an energetic complex with AP, results in a distinct thermal decomposition pattern. Specifically, AG[Zn(DNPO)2]2H2O (AEP-2) and DAG[Zn(DNPO)2]2H2O (AEP-3) catalyze the decomposition of AP in a single exothermic reaction. The high-temperature decomposition of AP increased to 309.8 and 323.9 °C, respectively. Real-time infrared detection revealed H₂O, N₂O, NO₂, and HCl, confirming the accelerated high-temperature decomposition period of the catalyzed AP decomposition. Furthermore, the detection of CO₂ indicates that the energetic catalyst is also decomposed during this phase. Kinetic analysis of the decomposition process shows that the catalytic AP decomposed via a single nucleation pathway. The catalytic decomposition mechanism of this series of catalysts for AP thermal decomposition is elucidated based on these findings.