Multimodal Natural Human–Computer Interfaces for Computer-Aided Design: A Review Paper

Computer-aided design (CAD) systems have advanced to become a critical tool in product design. Nevertheless, they still primarily rely on the traditional mouse and keyboard interface. This limits the naturalness and intuitiveness of the 3D modeling process. Recently, a multimodal human– computer interface (HCI) has been proposed as the next-generation interaction paradigm. Widening the use of a multimodal HCI provides new opportunities for realizing natural interactions in 3D modeling. In this study, we conducted a literature review of a multimodal HCI for CAD to summa-rize the state-of-the-art research and establish a solid foundation for future research. We explore and categorize the requirements for natural HCIs and discuss paradigms for their implementation in CAD. Following this, factors to evaluate the system performance and user experience of a natural HCI are summarized and analyzed. We conclude by discussing challenges and key research directions for a natural HCI in product design to inspire future studies.