Modular metamaterials composed of foldable obelisk-like units with reprogrammable mechanical behaviors based on multistability

A new type of modular metamaterials with reprogrammable mechanical properties is proposed based on the multistability in decoupled units. This metamaterial consists of periodically arranged foldable obelisk-like (FO) units, and each unit has three interchangeable states: two different soft states and a stiff state. Therefore, such metamaterial can possess various mechanical properties with different state combinations of units. Both theoretical and experimental investigations are conducted to understand the multistability in one unit and the reprogrammed mechanical properties in a two-dimensional tessellation. Additionally, we investigate the inverse question that whether the identical force response can be generated with different geometrical design of the metamaterial and propose a way to build 3D metamaterials with intended architectures. This work establishes general principles for designing mechanical metamaterials with independently transformable modules, and opens new avenues for various potential applications such as: self-locking materials, impact mitigation and stiffness transformation materials.