Manipulating electromagnetic response for tunable microwave absorption, electromagnetic interference shielding, and device

The essence of realizing tunable electromagnetic (EM) function is to manipulate EM response flexibly. Herein, the contributions of dielectric and magnetic genes to EM loss inside NiO/NiFe₂O₄/reduced graphene oxide heterostructure are dissected to manipulate the EM response, achieving tunable microwave absorption performance and electromagnetic interference shielding performance. The minimum reflection loss reaches −55.0 dB, the matching thickness decreases to 2.3 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth increases to 6.4 dB, and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness is up to 8.69 dB. In addition, based on the manipulation of EM response, a self-powered EM energy conversion device is designed and demonstrated, which can convert waste EM energy into electric energy and realize the recycling of EM energy. This study will provide a theoretical basis for manipulating EM response and designing next-generation EM attenuation materials, facilitating the development of next-generation smart devices as well as environmental government and protection.