L2-norm prototypical networks for tackling the data shift problem in scene classification

Currently, most scene classification algorithms are trained and evaluated based on a single dataset. However, practical applications are not usually restricted to specific satellite platforms or datasets. Researchers generally train a model on one dataset and require the model to perform tasks with another dataset, leading to a data shift problem and performance decrease in practical applications. To address this problem, this study presents a metric-based few-shot classification method with (Formula presented.) -norm prototypical networks. Specifically, a carefully designed (Formula presented.) -norm layer was introduced into prototypical networks. The proposed (Formula presented.) -norm layer applies (Formula presented.) -norm operations to prototypes and query features to mitigate the length fluctuations caused by the data shift problem. With this layer, the (Formula presented.) -norm prototypical networks maintain the ability to identify novel classes and limit the effects of data discrepancies. The proposed (Formula presented.) -norm layer improves the classification accuracy by 0.42% to 2.41% on various public datasets. Moreover, (Formula presented.) -norm prototypical networks outperform other methods by 0.02% to 34.38%. Comprehensive experiments consistently demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in tackling the data shift problem.