Heterodimensional structure porous nanofibers embedded confining magnetic nanocrystals for electromagnetic functional material and device

The development of electronic devices and communication technology has put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic (EM) materials, and the exploration of multifunctional EM materials has become a new trend. Herein, heterodimensional structured porous nanofibers are constructed by zero-dimensional Fe nanocrystals and one-dimensional carbon nanofibers, which show excellent microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. The balance between impedance matching and EM energy attenuation ability can be tailored through the tunable conductive network. The maximum reflection loss (RL) value of −56.8 dB can be achieved at a lower loading ratio, and the efficient EMI shielding effectiveness of 29.3 dB can be obtained at a higher loading ratio. In addition, the green EMI shielding with absorption as the main microwave attenuation mechanism can be observed in the higher frequency range. An EM energy conversion device is designed to effectively recover wasted EM energy. The EM energy is converted into valuable electrical energy through multiple loss mechanisms caused by heterodimensional structures. This work provides new guidance for the realization of multifunctional EM materials and devices.