Facile Synthesis of Boron-Doped rGO as Cathode Material for High Energy Li-O₂ Batteries

To improve the electrochemical performance of the high energy Li-O₂ batteries, it is important to design and construct a suitable and effective oxygen-breathing cathode. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) porous boron-doped reduction graphite oxide (B-rGO) material with a hierarchical structure has been prepared by a facile freeze-drying method. In this design, boric acid as the boron source helps to form the 3D porous structure, owing to its cross-linking and pore-forming function. This architecture facilitates the rapid oxygen diffusion and electrolyte penetration in the electrode. Meanwhile, the boron-oxygen functional groups linking to the carbon surface or edge serve as additional reaction sites to activate the ORR process. It is vital that boron atoms have been doped into the carbon lattices to greatly activate the electrons in the carbon π system, which is beneficial for fast charge under large current densities. Density functional theory calculation demonstrates that B-rGO exhibits much stronger interactions with Li₅O₆ clusters, so that B-rGO more effectively activates Li-O bonds to decompose Li₂O₂ during charge than rGO does. With B-rGO as a catalytic substrate, the Li-O₂ battery achieves a high discharge capacity and excellent rate capability. Moreover, catalysts could be added into the B-rGO substrate to further lower the overpotential and enhance the cycling performance in future.