Electroporation on microchips: The harmful effects of pH changes and scaling down

Yang Li, Mengxi Wu, Deyao Zhao, Zewen Wei, Wenfeng Zhong, Xiaoxia Wang, Zicai Liang*, Zhihong Li

*此作品的通讯作者

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摘要

Electroporation has been widely used in delivering foreign biomolecules into cells, but there is still much room for improvement, such as cell viability and integrity. In this manuscript, we investigate the distribution and the toxicity of pH changes during electroporation, which significantly decreases cell viability. A localized pH gradient forms between anode and cathode leading to a localized distribution of cell death near the electrodes, especially cathodes. The toxicity of hydroxyl ions is severe and acute due to their effect in the decomposition of phospholipid bilayer membrane. On the other hand, the electric field used for electroporation aggravates the toxicity of hydroxyl because the electropermeabilization of cell membrane makes bilayer structure more loosen and vulnerable. We also investigate the side effects during scaling down the size of electrodes in electroporation microchips. Higher percentage of cells is damaged when the size of electrodes is smaller. At last, we propose an effective strategy to constrain the change of pH by modifying the composition of electroporation buffer. The modified buffer decreases the changes of pH, thus enables high cell viability even when the electric pulse duration exceeds several milliseconds. This ability has potential advantage in some applications that require long-time electric pulse stimulation.

源语言英语
文章编号17817
期刊Scientific Reports
5
DOI
出版状态已出版 - 14 12月 2015
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Li, Y., Wu, M., Zhao, D., Wei, Z., Zhong, W., Wang, X., Liang, Z., & Li, Z. (2015). Electroporation on microchips: The harmful effects of pH changes and scaling down. Scientific Reports, 5, 文章 17817. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17817