TY - JOUR
T1 - China's water footprint by province, and inter-provincial transfer of virtual water
AU - Chen, Weiming
AU - Wu, Sanmang
AU - Lei, Yalin
AU - Li, Shantong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2017/3/1
Y1 - 2017/3/1
N2 - Water shortages and the uneven distribution of water resources restrict China's sustainable development. The concepts of virtual water and water footprints provide a new approach to alleviate regional shortages of Chinese water resources by the inter-provincial allocation of commercial water resources. In this study, an interregional input-output model was applied to quantitatively estimate the water footprint of each province in China and to quantify the inter-provincial transfer of virtual water. The results indicated that there was considerable diversity in the water footprints of the various provinces. Provinces with larger populations and greater GDP had larger water footprints, and developed regions had higher proportions of external water footprints. From the perspective of final demand, local consumption was the main factor driving the water footprints of these provinces. From the perspective of sectoral structure, the agricultural water footprint had a larger proportion in these provinces. The transfer of virtual water in China did not occur from regions with abundant water resources to those suffering from water shortages, but it generally occurred from west to east, from inland to coastal areas, and from underdeveloped to developed regions. Many water-deficient regions also had large net virtual water exports. Water shortages in China will be alleviated by the enhancement of industrial water-use efficiency in water-deficient regions, the transfer of water-intensive industries to regions with abundant water resources, and the development of tertiary industries with low water consumption.
AB - Water shortages and the uneven distribution of water resources restrict China's sustainable development. The concepts of virtual water and water footprints provide a new approach to alleviate regional shortages of Chinese water resources by the inter-provincial allocation of commercial water resources. In this study, an interregional input-output model was applied to quantitatively estimate the water footprint of each province in China and to quantify the inter-provincial transfer of virtual water. The results indicated that there was considerable diversity in the water footprints of the various provinces. Provinces with larger populations and greater GDP had larger water footprints, and developed regions had higher proportions of external water footprints. From the perspective of final demand, local consumption was the main factor driving the water footprints of these provinces. From the perspective of sectoral structure, the agricultural water footprint had a larger proportion in these provinces. The transfer of virtual water in China did not occur from regions with abundant water resources to those suffering from water shortages, but it generally occurred from west to east, from inland to coastal areas, and from underdeveloped to developed regions. Many water-deficient regions also had large net virtual water exports. Water shortages in China will be alleviated by the enhancement of industrial water-use efficiency in water-deficient regions, the transfer of water-intensive industries to regions with abundant water resources, and the development of tertiary industries with low water consumption.
KW - Inter-provincial discrepancy
KW - Interregional input-output model
KW - Virtual water transfer
KW - Water footprint
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85000471203&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.11.037
DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.11.037
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85000471203
SN - 1470-160X
VL - 74
SP - 321
EP - 333
JO - Ecological Indicators
JF - Ecological Indicators
ER -