A numerical simulation method for ice-breaking and cavitation effects on the water-exiting vehicle

The ice-breaking process of a water-exit vehicle involves intricate interactions among ice, water, and solid materials. Nonlinearity and coupling between fluids and solids are evident in these interactions, posing significant challenges in numerical calculations. An algorithm is presented in this study to numerically simulate the ice-breaking and water-exiting process of the vehicle. The motion boundary of the vehicle is coupled with the unsteady flow field using the boundary data immersion method (BDIM). Moreover, the ice model, developed via bond-based peridynamics, integrates a contact algorithm to precisely simulate the impact between the vehicle and the ice sheet. Furthermore, the volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed to capture the gas-liquid interface. With Fortran as its foundation, a numerical simulation solver has been developed to encompass the entire process of ice breaking and water exiting for a vehicle within a unified framework. Simulation analyses are specifically conducted, focusing on the vertical ice-breaking and water-exiting process for a hemispherical head-shaped vehicle.