高速列车制动盘设计中若干问题的研究现状

The brake disc is the core part of the braking system for high-speed trains. The friction between the brake disc and brake pads directly affects the braking performance to ensure safety,which converts the kinetic energy into heat energy to achieve emergency braking. With the train speeds up,the brake disc needs to absorb more energy and it causes the temperature to rise rapidly and even exceed the safety range of the material,so the higher performance brake disc needs to be developed. The brake disc design is a systematic problem,which involved the material,structure,forming method,heat treatment,etc. The factors are closely related and influence each other. It is important content to develop new materials,the ceramic composite and fibrous composite materials are the main development directions. However,they are still in the laboratory stage due to material defects and the immature preparation process. At present,cast steel and forged steel are widely used in the production of the brake disc. When using traditional technologies,the only consideration for the structure design is structural formability,which results in structural redundancy and limits the heat dissipation capacity. And the heat dissipation characteristics and stress distribution are also summarised and discussed. For the design and evaluation of the high-performance disc,the method of combining experiment and simulation is of significance,and the problem about the research method is also pointed out. About the forming method,the design freedom of the brake disc is expanded by advanced manufacturing technologies such as surface strengthening and additive manufacturing,which is conducive to improving the braking performance. In this paper,the research status is reviewed including material performance,structure design,and manufacturing technology about the brake disc. The research content and development direction about the brake disc design are also proposed,which provides ideas and theories for the precise design and lightweight design.