近 20 年美国龙卷探测研究进展———对我国龙卷风研究的启示

This paper investigates the tornado detection radar technology and observation research in the United States in the past 20 years. The literature shows that the development targets of the tornado detection radar in the United States are mainly to achieve fast scanning, high spatial-temporal resolution and high precision data acquisition. The purpose has been basically achieved. The volume scanning time of the radar is up to 10 s and the radar is updated. In close range, the resolution can reach 10 meters or even lower, which makes it possible to collect the fine structure and detailed continuous evolution of tornadoes. The development of radar in the United States adopts a variety of technical systems and scanning strategies, and the dual polarization, phased array, atmospheric imaging and other technologies are constantly improved and applied, with good results. Based on advanced radar, the United States has carried out a large number of tornado observation experiments, achieving rich results. The structure and evolution of tornadoes are described more and more precisely and accurately. Many achievements have been transformed into conceptual models, forming important tornado monitoring and forecasting indicators, early warning signals, and implemented in operations, improving the tornado early warning capability. The application of high-frequency and high-precision numerical models for tornado radar data has also significantly shortened the data assimilation period and improved the simulation ability of convective scale systems such as tornadoes. Referring to the successful experience of the United States, China should draw on its technical achievements, select the technical system for radar development as soon as possible, speed up the upgrading of operational radar technology and the development of high-performance tornado detection radar, organize tornado scientific observation experiments, collect fine tornado data, carry out scientific research, and explore the structure and activity regularity of tornadoes in China, providing a scientific support for the construction of tornado monitoring and warning.