互耦条件下涡旋电磁波目标方位探测方法

The use of a uniform circular array to generate vortex electromagnetic waves can lead to changes in the radiation pattern of antenna elements due to mutual coupling between adjacent array elements, causing variations in amplitude and phase that affect target azimuth detection performance. To address this problem, the mutual coupling matrix is expanded into the mode domain by Fourier transform using the symmetric circulant of the uniform circular array mutual coupling matrix. This allows for describing the relationship between array element excitation and the number of orbital angular momentum modes. Based on the above analysis, an improved propagation operator decoupling azimuth estimation algorithm based on orbital angular momentum is proposed, which avoids spectral peak search and large eigenvalue decomposition. Simulation results show that the mutual coupling matrix in the mode domain effectively compensates for the influence of the mutual coupling effect. Compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed algorithm boasts lower computational complexity and avoids errors stemming from Bessel function approximations.