Vacancy engineering and constructing built-in electric field in Z-scheme full-spectrum-Response 0D/3D BiOI/MoSe₂ heterojunction modified PVDF membrane for PPCPs degradation and anti-biofouling

Vacancy engineering and constructing a built-in electric field are effective strategies to enhance the photocatalytic performance of semiconductors. Herein, a novel Z-scheme photocatalyst 0D/3D-BiOI/MoSe₂-heterojunction-modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane is prepared by constructing a built-in electric field and implementing defect engineering. The 0D/3D BiOI/MoSe₂ heterojunction not only has a wide light absorption range but also promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers through defect engineering and the interface with the built-in electric field. Constructing the built-in electric field greatly facilitates the scavenging of the photogenerated electrons on the surface of BiOI by MoSe₂, thereby enhancing the overall photocatalytic activity of the composites. Furthermore, the heat-collecting photocatalytic composite membrane controls the reaction at the surface and interface. The membrane is composed of a unique pyroelectric substrate PVDF–hexafluoropropane, a hollow interior photothermal material MoSe₂, and a representative photocatalyst BiOI. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency is demonstrated by the degradation of tetracycline, which reaches 98% after 120 min. This all-in-one multifunctional porous membrane provides a simple and sustainable strategy for clean water production.