Three Electron Reversible Redox Reaction in Sodium Vanadium Chromium Phosphate as a High-Energy-Density Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Yongjie Zhao; Xiangwen Gao; Hongcai Gao; Haibo Jin; John B. Goodenough

doi:10.1002/adfm.201908680

Three Electron Reversible Redox Reaction in Sodium Vanadium Chromium Phosphate as a High-Energy-Density Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Yongjie Zhao, Xiangwen Gao, Hongcai Gao, Haibo Jin^*, John B. Goodenough

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Material Science and Engineering

University of Texas at Austin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

127 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A sodium-ion battery operating at room temperature is of great interest for large-scale stationary energy storage because of its intrinsic cost advantage. However, the development of a high capacity cathode with high energy density remains a great challenge. In this work, sodium super ionic conductor-structured Na₃V₂₋ _xCr_x(PO₄)₃ is achieved through the sol–gel method; Na₃V_1.5Cr_0.5(PO₄)₃ is demonstrated to have a capacity of 150 mAh g⁻¹ with reversible three-electron redox reactions after insertion of a Na⁺, consistent with the redox couples of V²⁺/³⁺, V³⁺/⁴⁺, and V⁴⁺/⁵⁺. Moreover, a symmetric sodium-ion full cell utilizing Na₃V_1.5Cr_0.5(PO₄)₃ as both the cathode and anode exhibits an excellent rate capability and cyclability with a capacity of 70 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. Ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis and in situ impedance measurements are performed to reveal the sodium storage mechanism and the structural evolution during cycling.

Original language	English
Article number	1908680
Journal	Advanced Functional Materials
Volume	30
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201908680
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2020

Keywords

NASICON structure
cathode materials
sodium-ion batteries
symmetric cell
three-electron redox reaction

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title = "Three Electron Reversible Redox Reaction in Sodium Vanadium Chromium Phosphate as a High-Energy-Density Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries",

abstract = "A sodium-ion battery operating at room temperature is of great interest for large-scale stationary energy storage because of its intrinsic cost advantage. However, the development of a high capacity cathode with high energy density remains a great challenge. In this work, sodium super ionic conductor-structured Na3V2− xCrx(PO4)3 is achieved through the sol–gel method; Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 is demonstrated to have a capacity of 150 mAh g−1 with reversible three-electron redox reactions after insertion of a Na+, consistent with the redox couples of V2+/3+, V3+/4+, and V4+/5+. Moreover, a symmetric sodium-ion full cell utilizing Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 as both the cathode and anode exhibits an excellent rate capability and cyclability with a capacity of 70 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. Ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis and in situ impedance measurements are performed to reveal the sodium storage mechanism and the structural evolution during cycling.",

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author = "Yongjie Zhao and Xiangwen Gao and Hongcai Gao and Haibo Jin and Goodenough, {John B.}",

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AU - Gao, Hongcai

AU - Jin, Haibo

AU - Goodenough, John B.

PY - 2020/3/1

Y1 - 2020/3/1

N2 - A sodium-ion battery operating at room temperature is of great interest for large-scale stationary energy storage because of its intrinsic cost advantage. However, the development of a high capacity cathode with high energy density remains a great challenge. In this work, sodium super ionic conductor-structured Na3V2− xCrx(PO4)3 is achieved through the sol–gel method; Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 is demonstrated to have a capacity of 150 mAh g−1 with reversible three-electron redox reactions after insertion of a Na+, consistent with the redox couples of V2+/3+, V3+/4+, and V4+/5+. Moreover, a symmetric sodium-ion full cell utilizing Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 as both the cathode and anode exhibits an excellent rate capability and cyclability with a capacity of 70 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. Ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis and in situ impedance measurements are performed to reveal the sodium storage mechanism and the structural evolution during cycling.

AB - A sodium-ion battery operating at room temperature is of great interest for large-scale stationary energy storage because of its intrinsic cost advantage. However, the development of a high capacity cathode with high energy density remains a great challenge. In this work, sodium super ionic conductor-structured Na3V2− xCrx(PO4)3 is achieved through the sol–gel method; Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 is demonstrated to have a capacity of 150 mAh g−1 with reversible three-electron redox reactions after insertion of a Na+, consistent with the redox couples of V2+/3+, V3+/4+, and V4+/5+. Moreover, a symmetric sodium-ion full cell utilizing Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 as both the cathode and anode exhibits an excellent rate capability and cyclability with a capacity of 70 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. Ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis and in situ impedance measurements are performed to reveal the sodium storage mechanism and the structural evolution during cycling.

KW - NASICON structure

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KW - three-electron redox reaction

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Three Electron Reversible Redox Reaction in Sodium Vanadium Chromium Phosphate as a High-Energy-Density Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Keywords

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