Three-dimensional trajectory prediction and analysis of elliptical projectile

This article establishes a three-dimensional trajectory model for an elliptical projectile into semi-infinite target based on rigid dynamics and the idea of isolation between the projectile and target. The reliability of the proposed model is verified through a series of normal and oblique penetrations, and the predicted results agree well with the experimental and simulation data. In addition, the effects of the structural parameters and striking conditions of the elliptical projectile on the trajectory stability are discussed. Compared with a circular projectile with a particular initial pitch or yaw angle, the anti-deflection ability of the elliptical projectile on its minor-axis side is increased, whereas that on the major-axis side is decreased. The introduction of a roll angle for the elliptical projectile results in two lateral resistances, causing a rotational motion along its longitudinal axis. Compared with a circular projectile with a particular initial attack or sideslip angle, an elliptical projectile exhibit increased anti-deflection ability on its major-axis side, and reduced anti-deflection ability on its minor-axis side. This preliminary study on the ballistic behavior of non-circular projectiles provides guidance for the design and application of such projectiles.