Three-dimensional printing of smart constructs using stimuli-responsive biomaterials: A future direction of precision medicine

Qiqi Gao*, Jae Seong Lee, Byoung Soo Kim, Ge Gao

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, which is a valuable technique for the fabrication of tissue-engineered constructs and biomedical devices with complex architectures, has brought about considerable progress in regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and diagnosis of diseases. However, because of the static and inanimate properties of conventional 3D-printed structures, it is difficult to use them in therapies for active and precise medicine, such as improved tissue regeneration, targeted or controlled drug delivery, and advanced pathophysiological monitoring. The integration of stimuliresponsive biomaterials into 3D printing provides a potential strategy for designing and building smart constructs that exhibit programmed functions and controllable changes in properties in response to exogenous and autogenous stimuli. These features make 3D-printed smart constructs the next generation of tissue-engineered products. In this review, we introduce the prevalent 3D printing techniques (with an emphasis on the differences between 3D printing and bioprinting, and biomaterials and bioink), the working principle of each technique, and the advantages of using 3D printing for the fabrication of smart constructs. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials that are widely used for 3D printing of smart constructs are categorized, followed by a summary of their applications in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, and biosensors. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of 3D-printed smart constructs are discussed.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)230-257
Number of pages28
JournalInternational Journal of Bioprinting
Volume9
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

Keywords

  • Biomedical application
  • Smart constructs
  • Stimuli-responsive biomaterials
  • Three-dimensional printing
  • Tissue engineering

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Gao, Q., Lee, J. S., Kim, B. S., & Gao, G. (2023). Three-dimensional printing of smart constructs using stimuli-responsive biomaterials: A future direction of precision medicine. International Journal of Bioprinting, 9(1), 230-257. https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.638