TY - JOUR
T1 - The critical role of dimethylamine in the rapid formation of iodic acid particles in marine areas
AU - Ning, An
AU - Liu, Ling
AU - Zhang, Shaobing
AU - Yu, Fangqun
AU - Du, Lin
AU - Ge, Maofa
AU - Zhang, Xiuhui
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Marine new particle formation (NPF) can affect cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the global atmosphere. Recently, iodic acid (IA) has been identified as a critical driver for marine NPF. However, atmospheric observations of IA cannot be associated with predicted particle formation rates. Given the complexity of atmospheric components, other species may promote IA particle formation. As an efficient stabilizer for acidic precursors, dimethylamine (DMA) has a wide distribution over the oceans. Hence, we investigated the nucleation process of DMA and IA under different atmospheric conditions and uncovered the corresponding nucleating mechanism using a quantum chemical approach and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC). The findings show that DMA can structurally stabilize IA via hydrogen and halogen bonds, and the clustering process is energy barrierless. Moreover, DMA can enhance the formation rate of IA clusters by five orders of magnitude, and its efficiency in promoting IA cluster formation is much higher than that of NH3. Compared to the nucleation via sequential addition of IA, the IA-DMA nucleation plays a more dominant role in nucleation kinetic. Thus, the effect of DMA on enhancing IA cluster stability and formation rate cannot be ignored, especially in the regions near the source of IA and DMA emissions. Broadly, the proposed IA-DMA nucleation mechanism may help to explain some missing sources of particles and, thus intensive marine NPF events.
AB - Marine new particle formation (NPF) can affect cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the global atmosphere. Recently, iodic acid (IA) has been identified as a critical driver for marine NPF. However, atmospheric observations of IA cannot be associated with predicted particle formation rates. Given the complexity of atmospheric components, other species may promote IA particle formation. As an efficient stabilizer for acidic precursors, dimethylamine (DMA) has a wide distribution over the oceans. Hence, we investigated the nucleation process of DMA and IA under different atmospheric conditions and uncovered the corresponding nucleating mechanism using a quantum chemical approach and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC). The findings show that DMA can structurally stabilize IA via hydrogen and halogen bonds, and the clustering process is energy barrierless. Moreover, DMA can enhance the formation rate of IA clusters by five orders of magnitude, and its efficiency in promoting IA cluster formation is much higher than that of NH3. Compared to the nucleation via sequential addition of IA, the IA-DMA nucleation plays a more dominant role in nucleation kinetic. Thus, the effect of DMA on enhancing IA cluster stability and formation rate cannot be ignored, especially in the regions near the source of IA and DMA emissions. Broadly, the proposed IA-DMA nucleation mechanism may help to explain some missing sources of particles and, thus intensive marine NPF events.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142146857&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41612-022-00316-9
DO - 10.1038/s41612-022-00316-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85142146857
SN - 2397-3722
VL - 5
JO - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
JF - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
IS - 1
M1 - 92
ER -
