Research on Convective Cooling and Thermal Protection Characteristics of Integrated Dual-Sided Deflector System

Based on the goals of “high reliability, high frequency, rapid launch, and low cost” for space launch sites, an integrated dual-sided deflector system for convective cooling and thermal protection is presented. The interaction process between the gas jet and liquid water jet and its effect on the flow field environment are thoroughly studied using numerical calculation methods. Furthermore, considering the phase-change heat transfer issue in a compressible gas–liquid two-phase flow, and the varying distribution of different bubble shapes and sizes at the gas–liquid interface, a modified Lee model is derived. The research results show that compared to the classical Lee model, the modified Lee model can achieve a higher numerical accuracy in predicting the heat and mass transfer processes in gas–liquid two-phase flows. Through comparative analysis with the traditional dual-sided deflector and the conventional cooling system, the integrated dual-sided deflector system exhibits significant performance advantages in gas flow regulation and flow field environment improvement at the near-ground region of the space launch site. It not only achieves effective flow deflection, but also mitigates the degree of erosion caused by the gas jet on the deflector. This conclusion can provide theoretical references for the thermal protection design of commercial launch vehicle systems at space launch sites.