TY - JOUR
T1 - Real-world emissions of construction mobile machines and comparison to a non-road emission model
AU - Tu, Ran
AU - Li, Tiezhu
AU - Meng, Chunsheng
AU - Chen, Jinyi
AU - Sheng, Zhen
AU - Xie, Yisong
AU - Xie, Fangjian
AU - Yang, Feng
AU - Chen, Haibo
AU - Li, Ying
AU - Gao, Jianbing
AU - Liu, Ye
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/6/1
Y1 - 2021/6/1
N2 - This study implemented real-world tests in Nanjing, China for measuring emission factors (EFs) of air pollutants, including Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and Particulate Matter (PM) from ten construction machines in three operational modes (idling, moving, and working) with a Portable Emission Measurement System. The idling mode shows the least variation of EFs, and its average CO EFs can be higher than the moving and working modes by 43% and 34%, respectively. The working mode generates the highest emission for all other pollutants with the highest variation. The EFs suggested by the Guide (an official guidebook for developing emission inventory in China) are in general lower than the measured EFs, and the gap becomes larger for older machines. The EFs of CO, NOx, and PM of China Stage II machines are 24%, 120%, and 66% higher than those of the Guide, respectively. The differences go up as high as 126%, 1066%, and 559% for China Stage I machines, indicating the upgrade of engine technology from Stage I to Stage II, as well as the effect of machine deterioration. The result of this study reveals the effectiveness of stringent emission standards in controlling emissions from construction machines. High emissions from older machines emphasize the importance of a more rigorous machine replacement policy and a regulated maintenance strategy. The result also stresses the need to update the Guide with differentiated activity modes, region variations, and machine deterioration effects.
AB - This study implemented real-world tests in Nanjing, China for measuring emission factors (EFs) of air pollutants, including Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and Particulate Matter (PM) from ten construction machines in three operational modes (idling, moving, and working) with a Portable Emission Measurement System. The idling mode shows the least variation of EFs, and its average CO EFs can be higher than the moving and working modes by 43% and 34%, respectively. The working mode generates the highest emission for all other pollutants with the highest variation. The EFs suggested by the Guide (an official guidebook for developing emission inventory in China) are in general lower than the measured EFs, and the gap becomes larger for older machines. The EFs of CO, NOx, and PM of China Stage II machines are 24%, 120%, and 66% higher than those of the Guide, respectively. The differences go up as high as 126%, 1066%, and 559% for China Stage I machines, indicating the upgrade of engine technology from Stage I to Stage II, as well as the effect of machine deterioration. The result of this study reveals the effectiveness of stringent emission standards in controlling emissions from construction machines. High emissions from older machines emphasize the importance of a more rigorous machine replacement policy and a regulated maintenance strategy. The result also stresses the need to update the Guide with differentiated activity modes, region variations, and machine deterioration effects.
KW - Air pollutant emissions
KW - Construction machinery
KW - Non-road emission model
KW - Non-road mobile machinery (NRMM)
KW - Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101153620&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145365
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145365
M3 - Article
C2 - 33736176
AN - SCOPUS:85101153620
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 771
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 145365
ER -